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The leaders of 44 African countries have signed a deal to create one of the world's largest free trade blocs. The agreement was signed at a summit in the Rwandan capital, Kigali.

It is hoped the deal will come into force within six months and increase prosperity for 1.2 billion Africans.

But 10 countries, including Nigeria, have refused to sign the deal, and it will need to be ratified by all the signatories' national parliaments before the bloc becomes a reality.

The African Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) would remove barriers to trade, like tariffs and import quotas, allowing the free flow of goods and services between its members.

In theory that should boost commerce, growth and employment. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development also predicts that reducing intra-African tariffs—one of the conditions of AfCFTA— “could bring $3.6 billion in welfare gains to the continent through a boost in production and cheaper goods.” If fully adopted, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa says intra-African trade can increase by 52% by 2022 when compared to 2010 trade levels. That represents major growth as the current reality is stark with intra-African trade making up only 16% of total trade on the continent in 2014.

African Union commission head Moussa Faki Mahamat called it a "glorious challenge... which calls for the courage to believe, the courage to dare... the courage to achieve".

He then recognized that to succeed the countries will "need to summon the required political will".

Even though 44 countries signed up for AfCFTA, the agreement will have to be ratified by national parliaments of signatory countries after which the free trade area will come into effect. Before then though, there’s a lot of work to be done as a free trade area across Africa will likely be held back by current logistical pitfalls.

Trade between African countries is relatively low. It accounts for only 10% of all commerce on the continent - compared with 25% in south-east Asia - according to news agency Reuters.

Once the free trade area is established, the ambition is to take further steps that echo the creation of the European Union - like a customs union, a common market, and even a single currency. There are many obstacles still have to be overcome.

One is the relatively low level of manufacturing that takes place on a continent where trade often means selling raw materials to the outside world.

Another is getting Africa's largest economy, Nigeria, on board. President Muhammadu Buhari pulled out of the summit, after "certain key stakeholders" - thought to mean trade unions and businesses - complained they had not been consulted.

The African Union said it hoped those countries with reservations would be persuaded to sign at a later date.

Malawi’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Emmanuel Fabiano was on hand to sign on behalf of The President.